
Fate of Antarctica
Antarctica holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured on Earth, -93.2 degrees Celsius, and this film traces how a continent that once supported forests ended up there. It starts with plate tectonics, following the breakup of Pangea and the theory that a meteor strike in the southern hemisphere helped push the landmass to the pole, setting up the isolation that made it the driest, windiest place on the planet. The core evidence comes from GRACE, a satellite mission launched in 2002 that measured Antarctica's ice mass and found the continent losing about 159 billion tons of ice a year between 2010 and 2013, concentrated on the western coast, while the northeast actually gains ice. Researchers drill through 500 meters of ice to find warmer water underneath, and the film adds a less familiar culprit alongside warming winds and shifting currents: magma moving 25 kilometers below the ice sheet. The film closes on the stakes for sea level and coastal cities like New York and London.