
Black People in Nazi Germany: Lionel Romney's Survival in a Concentration Camp
Lionel Romney was born in Santo Domingo in 1912, raised on Sint Maarten, and went to sea as a young man looking for a wider world. War caught up with him when his cargo ship was sunk; Italian forces took him prisoner, and years of transfers eventually landed him in the Mauthausen concentration camp, where he survived eleven months until American troops liberated it. His daughter Mary retraces his route from the Caribbean through Italy to Austria, and that journey frames the film. Archival footage and reenactments illustrate a history DW says has gone largely unexamined: the treatment of Black people under National Socialism, shaped by colonial-era racism, forced labor, and arbitrary persecution, with some individuals exploited directly for Nazi propaganda. Historians Clarence Lusane, Katharina Oguntoye, Walter Sauer, and Serge Bilé provide context on how this group fit into, and was erased from, the broader record of Nazi victims. The film uses one man's eleven months in Mauthausen to open onto a wider, largely undocumented chapter of the Holocaust.