In this lecture from Yale instructor Paul North's chapter by chapter study of Marx's Capital, Volume 1, the course focuses squarely on Chapter 13 and Marx's extended analysis of machinery in the production process. North examines what machinery does to labor, output, and the worker's relationship to the production process, building on the division-of-labor discussion from the previous class. The lecture continues the course's close textual method, tracking Marx's argument about mechanization as both a technical and social transformation within capitalism. It sets up the following classes on absolute and relative surplus value as the course moves deeper into Capital's central chapters.