This session of Yale instructor Paul North's chapter by chapter study of Marx's Capital, Volume 1, examines how absolute and relative surplus value interact and condition one another within Marx's broader theory. North introduces the three types of subsumption of labor under capital that Marx outlines in these chapters, explaining how each represents a different stage in capital's absorption of the labor process. The lecture consolidates concepts introduced across earlier classes on the working day and machinery, showing how they combine into a fuller account of surplus value. The course continues its close, chapter by chapter engagement with the original 1872 text.