
Europe's Drug Mafia: How Drugs Made the Netherlands Rich
Dutch prosperity has always had a narcotics dimension, and this DW documentary traces it back to the 17th century, when opium from Indonesia and coca grown on Java helped finance the country's colonial trading empire. It follows the trade underground after World War I bans, then forward to the 1960s, when counterculture demand for Moroccan hashish and heroin from the Indian subcontinent pushed the Netherlands toward its distinctive policy of separating hard and soft drugs, with coffee shops meant to regulate use even as criminal networks entrenched themselves. Klaas Bruinsma, dubbed the "Dutch Al Capone," appears as the era's defining drug lord. The film then moves into the 1990s ecstasy boom, when pill profits flowed into real estate and the legitimate economy, and traces how younger criminals from working-class neighborhoods took over as the old underworld generation faded, shifting the business toward cocaine. Interviews and archival material carry the argument that today's drug market descends directly from centuries-old colonial trade routes rather than existing apart from them.