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Money as Debt
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Money as Debt

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Paul Grignon's animated film traces where money actually comes from, and the answer is that banks create it out of nothing every time they issue a loan. Simple line-drawn animation walks through fractional reserve banking step by step: a deposit becomes the basis for a loan, that loan becomes someone else's deposit, and the cycle repeats until the money supply is mostly just accumulated debt owed back to private banks with interest. Grignon uses this mechanism to argue that perpetual economic growth isn't optional under the current system, it's required, because the interest owed always exceeds the principal that was created. Historical detours cover the gold standard, the founding of central banks, and how currency shifted from being backed by metal to being backed by nothing but debt itself. The tone is plain and didactic rather than dramatic, aimed at viewers who have never thought about where a dollar comes from before it reaches their wallet. It became one of the most widely shared explainers on modern banking for exactly that reason.