George Nathaniel Wong, a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study, examines what images and data from horizon-scale observations of black holes can actually support as scientific conclusions. Delivered in Wolfensohn Hall as part of a series on black holes from theory to observations, the talk works through the chain of reasoning that connects a raw interferometric image, such as those produced by the Event Horizon Telescope, to claims about mass, spin, and the shape of the shadow cast by a black hole's photon ring. Wong lays out the simulations and modeling choices that stand between a telescope's raw signal and a published picture, and where uncertainty creeps into each step. He is candid about which features of these images are robust and which depend heavily on assumptions about plasma physics and general relativity that have not yet been independently confirmed. The lecture runs just under fifty minutes and assumes some familiarity with astrophysics.