Richard Skolnik, lecturer for Yale's Essentials of Global Health course, covers cancer and diabetes as leading noncommunicable diseases worldwide. He outlines the nature and burden of each condition, the determinants and risk factors driving their spread, and which populations are most affected. The segment closes with a look at cost-effective interventions that health systems have used to address both diseases, fitting into the course's broader survey of noncommunicable disease alongside heart disease, stroke, and injury. The material is presented in a straightforward, data-driven style typical of a public health survey course, aimed at giving students a working framework for comparing disease burden across conditions rather than a deep clinical dive into either disease.