MIT's graduate course 18.156, Projection Theory, taught by Lawrence Guth, reaches its second lecture on the two classical tools used to study projections of sets. Guth presents the double counting method developed by Kaufman in work from the 1960s, then moves to the Fourier analytic approach associated with Falconer from the following decade. Both techniques address how the dimension of a set behaves when it is projected onto lower dimensional subspaces, a central question in geometric measure theory. The eighty minute session is delivered as a blackboard lecture, building definitions and estimates step by step rather than surveying results, aimed at students who already have graduate level analysis and measure theory. It sets up the machinery that later lectures in the course will apply to sharper projection theorems.