Ian Shapiro, Sterling Professor of Political Science and Global Affairs at Yale, traces how right wing politics rose across Western democracies in the late twentieth century. This is lecture five of his DeVane Lecture series course Power and Politics in Today's World, taught in fall 2019. Shapiro argues that the collapse of communism, despite the euphoria it produced, ended up favoring the right, and he lays out two competing logics of distributive politics alongside the median voter theorem to explain why. He examines how interests, institutions, and ideals shape ordinary people's sense of political fairness, then contrasts how the right's resurgence plays out differently in two-party systems like the United States versus multiparty systems in Europe. The lecture runs 73 minutes and moves from the optimism after 1989 to the current politics of fear and resentment, asking what comes next.