Christine Hayes continues Yale's Introduction to the Old Testament with a lecture on the late Restoration period. She opens with the Book of Ruth, whose inclusion of a Moabite ancestor of King David runs counter to the exclusionary stance of Ezra and Nehemiah, then turns to Third Isaiah's vision of foreign nations joining Israel in worship. The bulk of the lecture defines apocalyptic literature as a genre, tracing its rise in Zechariah and Joel before a sustained reading of Daniel. Hayes situates Daniel in the persecution of the second century BCE and walks through its two halves, the court tales of chapters 1 through 6 and the visions of chapters 7 through 12, showing how its eschatology imagines God violently intervening in history to destroy the wicked and vindicate Israel. The lecture closes the course's treatment of prophetic and apocalyptic writing.