Ian Shapiro, Sterling Professor of Political Science and Global Affairs at Yale, closes his DeVane Lecture course Power and Politics in Today's World with a review of its central arguments. He revisits the course's throughline from the euphoria that followed communism's collapse in the early 1990s to the resentment and fear defining politics today, and lays out four paths democracies have taken and four they missed. Shapiro draws on the argument of his book After the Fall to weigh what reforms might still restore functioning democratic competition. Delivered to Yale students and the public in fall 2019, the lecture works as a capstone, tying together themes on inequality, populism, and institutional decay developed across the earlier sessions, and ending with concrete proposals rather than open questions.