Timothy Snyder, the Richard C. Levin Professor of History at Yale, continues his Ukraine lecture series with a class on the interwar decades, when Soviet policy toward Ukraine swung from promoting Ukrainian language and culture to engineering mass starvation and political terror. Snyder traces how Ukrainization in the 1920s gave way to the famine of the early 1930s and the purges that followed, situating Ukraine as the territory most devastated by Soviet policy in this period. He connects the class to larger questions running through the course: what makes a nation exist, how Polish, Russian, and Jewish identities are bound up with Ukrainian history, and what the Soviet and Nazi terror systems reveal about each other when studied through Ukraine. The lecture is part of Snyder's full Yale course on Ukrainian history, delivered as a single extended talk with closed captions available in Ukrainian and Russian.