Jonathan Holloway, professor of history at Yale, continues his examination of the ideological split among black leaders at the turn of the twentieth century over how to respond to segregation and economic hardship. He lays out Booker T. Washington's accommodationist strategy, which traded acceptance of racial separation for social peace with powerful whites and pushed vocational education as the practical path forward. Against this, Holloway presents Anna Julia Cooper and W.E.B. Du Bois, who argued for assimilation through higher education, with Du Bois's concept of the Talented Tenth as the vanguard meant to lift the race. The lecture is part of Yale's American History: From Emancipation to the Present (AFAM 162), delivered in spring 2010, and situates the Washington-Du Bois debate within its chronological context before working through each figure's reasoning and its consequences for black political strategy.