Akhil Reed Amar, Yale Law professor, continues his constitutional history course by examining what the Preamble's promises left out. He traces the founding-era exclusion of women, enslaved people, and Native nations from the franchise, and the link between bearing arms and voting rights that runs forward through the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments. Amar then reconstructs the Federalist case for a permanent, indissoluble union, reading Federalist 5 and 11 alongside the 1707 union of England and Scotland, arguing that a single continental power gained the Atlantic as a natural defense and avoided the standing armies that threaten domestic liberty. He closes on the irony that the Constitution built to prevent war could not prevent the one fought over slavery and westward expansion. The lecture moves through chaptered segments from franchise exclusion to geostrategy to the union's eventual collapse.